N. whereas, despite international commitments, there are disparities in the standard of sexual and reproductive health between and within Member States, and whereas there is also inequality as regards the sexual and reproductive rights enjoyed by women in Europe, including in terms of access to reproductive health services, contraception and abortion, depending on the country of residence, income, age, migration status and other factors;

Question No. 552 Mr. Hoang Mai: With regard to tax evasion and its effects on the Canadian economy: (a) does the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) publish estimates of the tax gap caused by offshore tax avoidance, and, (i) if so, which method does the government utilize to calculate this gap, (ii) if not, why not; (b) what is the 10-year trend for (i) the number of transfer pricing audits, (ii) the budgeting for and Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) staffing of auditors dealing with transfer pricing audit; (c) what is the amount of annual capital flow from Canada to the United States resulting from bilateral trade mispricing (i ...[+++]) per capital flow, (ii) by proportion of total trade, (iii) per tax loss; (d) what is the amount of annual capital flow from Canada to the European Union resulting from bilateral trade mispricing (i) per capital flow, (ii) by proportion of total trade, (iii) per tax loss; (e) what is the amount of annual capital flow resulting from multilateral trade mispricing (i) per capital flow, (ii) by proportion of total trade, (iii) per tax loss; (f) what are the internal deadlines set by the Exchange of Information (EOI) Services (CRA) as concerns responses to EOI requests received, (i) how many EOI requests received does the CRA deal with per year, (ii) what is the 10-year trend for EOI requests received by the CRA, (iii) what is the median response time for an EOI request received by the CRA, (iv) from which jurisdiction does the CRA receive the most EOI requests, (v) from which jurisdiction does the CRA request the most EOIs; (g) does Canada collaborate with its EOI partners to ensure the EOI provisions are not restricted, and, if so, (i) with which jurisdictions, (ii) to what specific ends, (iii) have there been any changes to the CRA approach as a result of these collaborations; (h) how prevalent are bearer shares in Canada, (i) what measures exist to ensure that ownership information is available with no exceptions, (ii) are all nominees obliged to ma ...

A number of other equally relevant factors are at play in determining the share of the population falling below the poverty threshold, such as the extent to which the tax system responds to social equity objectives, the way the benefit system is structured by major branches, the targeting of welfare provision, the efficiency of services delivery, the age structure of the population, the business cycle and the general pattern of inc ...[+++]ome distribution and overall economic prosperity.

8. Poverty is defined not simply as the lack of income and financial resources but also as encompassing the notion of vulnerability and such factors as no access to adequate food supplies, education and health, natural resources and drinking water, land, employment and credit facilities, information and political involvement, services and infrastructure.

It has been said by very learned people that by some time in the next decade the cost of our social programs combined with the interest on our debt-those two factors alone-will exceed the government's income.

In services, differences are slightly narrower, with women in retailing earning on average 65-70% of the pay of men in most countries, in insurance 70-75% and in banking 75-80%, although, in some cases, the difference is much wider. EMPLOYMENT POLICIES Unemployment compensation schemes The systems in operation in the Community for providing income support to the unemployed differ widely between Member States. - 6 - Broadly, schemes can be divided into those based on an insurance principle -which relate benefits to earnings when in work- and those based on welfare principles, providing a minimum level of income. The proportion of the unemployed entitled to re ...[+++]ceive unemployment compensation (the beneficiary rate) varies from 6% in Greece to 86% in Denmark, and in most Member States changed very little over the 1980s, althouth there were marked reductions in Germany, the UK and the Netherlands (Graph 6 = 122).