charges relating to the issue operation | cost of issue | flotation costs | issuing costs

flotation costs [ floatation costs | issue expenses | issuance costs | issue costs | issuing costs | issuing expenses ]

emission abatement cost

costs to issuer

all-in cost of the issue

Work Group 3B [ WG-3B | Emissions, Costs and Engineering Assessment Subgroup | Emissions Costs and Engineering Work Group ]

emissions trading (1) | international emissions trading (2) | emission trading (3) [ ET (4) | IET (5) ]

cost accounting (1) | cost accounting statement (2)

The Commission has carried out an analysis of the costs and benefits (see staff working paper for detail) which shows that the costs of abatement policies and competitiveness effects can be minimized if all sectors and greenhouse gases are included, participation in reducing emissions is broadened to include all major emitting countries, emissions trading and project based mechanisms are fully used, and if synergies with other policies are fully exploited (e.g. Lisbon Strategy, energy security policy, continuing reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, cohesion policy, and air quality policies).

At the EU level, such discussions have to be mindful of the broader 2030 climate change and energy policy framework and should consider aspects such as the environmental effectiveness in particular regarding the cumulative CO2 reductions, costs for the sector, the development of emissions after 2005, possible new efficiency standards adopted by the IMO as well as the availability and costs of today's and expected future abatement technologies.

Methane ceilings under the NEC regime of the Union could bring down emissions cost-effectively although the policy would need to be consistent with Decision 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.[10] Provisions to improve governance and align monitoring and reporting with international obligations could be included at very modest administrative cost (around €8m initial cost and €3.5m annual cost Union-wide).

cost imputed to environmental externalities linked to the product, service or works during its life cycle, provided their monetary value can be determined and verified; such costs may include the cost of emissions of greenhouse gases and of other pollutant emissions and other climate change mitigation costs.