planning instruments in place, such as comprehensive planning or noise zoning;

planning instruments in place, such as comprehensive planning or noise zoning.

While it is appropriate for the Union to provide a framework for maritime spatial planning, Member States remain responsible and competent for designing and determining, within their marine waters, the format and content of such plans, including institutional arrangements and, where applicable, any apportionment of maritime space to different activities and uses respectively.

The main innovation proposed was the concept of a dual layer planning approach with a “core network” as the top layer.

The largely preferred TEN-T planning approach would be characterized as follows: While maintaining the fairly dense rail, road, inland waterways, ports and airports networks, which constitute the “comprehensive network” as the basic layer of the TEN-T and are, in large part, derived from the corresponding national networks, the “core network” would overlay the “comprehensive” network and give expression to a genuine European planning perspective focused on bringing about a systemic improvement in the transport system's resource efficiency and a significant overall reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport.

Future forces and their capabilities must be founded on comprehensive and effects-based planning.