N. whereas an analysis by the Commission Joint Research Centre in 2011 came to the conclusion that NOx emissions of diesel vehicles measured with Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) substantially exceed respective Euro 3-5 emission limits, ranging from a factor of 2-4 for average NOx emissions over entire test routes up to a factor of 14 in individual test windows; whereas another JRC report publishe ...[+++]d in 2013 referred to conclusions that Euro 6 vehicles may even exceed the emission levels of Euro 5 vehicles; whereas independent analyses undertaken in 2014 documented, on average, on-road NOx emissions from tested diesel vehicles about seven times higher than the limits set by the Euro 6 standard;

The proposed legislative framework[36] focuses on mandatory reductions of emissions of CO2 to reach the objective of 130 g/km for the average new car fleet, by means of improvements in vehicle motor technology, and a further reduction of 10 g/km of CO2 or equivalent if technically necessary, by other technological improvements (low resistance tyres and tyre pressure monitoring, air conditioning, gear shift indicators, light commercial vans), and by an increased use of bio-fuels.

The Member States and the Commission should also make a joint analysis of how best to use the "prime regional movers" to develop a more dynamic scientific and technological landscape in Europe, in particular by developing the role of training in science and technology that the centres of excellence can and should play.

A multifunctional apparatus (so-called ‘multimedia centre for motor vehicles’) of a kind used in motor vehicles measuring approximately 17 × 5 × 16 cm.

A multifunctional apparatus (so-called ‘multimedia centre for motor vehicles’) of a kind used in motor vehicles, consisting of two main components:

The objective of reducing CO2 emissions by means of improvement in motor technology should be underpinned by the development of ecotechnology incorporated into passenger cars, as well as the improvement of road infrastructure, better traffic management, measures to encourage the use of biofuels and appropriate tax arrangements.Consistent with the approach under the voluntary commitments adopted by the manufacturers, this covers those elements that are taken into account in the measurement of the CO2 emissions of passenger cars in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type approval ...[+++] of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information.