Il a été établi que la prise de suppléments de thiamine constitue un moyen efficace de traiter les carences en thiamine, les troubles métaboliques associés à des maladies héréditaires (par ex. l'encéphalopathie nécrosante subaiguë [ou syndrome de Leigh], la leucinose [ou maladie du sirop d’érable] et l'acidose lactique) et le syndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff.
Thiamine supplementation has been shown to be effective in treating thiamine deficiency, metabolic disorders associated with genetic disease (e.g., subacute necrotizing encephalopathy also known as Leigh's disease, maple syrup urine disease, and lactic acidosis), and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS).