Personal history of psychoactive substance abuse

...sually evident, as are difficulties in learning new material. Confabulation may be marked but is not invariably present. Other cognitive functions are usually relatively well preserved and amnesic defects are out of proportion to other disturbances. Amnestic disorder, alcohol- or drug-induced Korsakov's psychosis or syndrome, alcohol- or other psychoactive substance-induced or unspecified Excl.: nonalcoholic Korsakov's psychosis or syndrome (F04) .7 Residual and late-onset psychotic disorder A disorder in which alcohol- or psychoactive substance-induced c ...[+++]hanges of cognition, affect, personality, or behaviour persist beyond the period during which a direct psychoactive substance-related effect might reasonably be assumed to be operating. Onset of the disorder should be directly related to the use of the psychoactive substance. Cases in which initial onset of the state occurs later than episode(s) of such substance use should be coded here only where clear and strong evidence is available to attribute the state to the residual effect of the psychoactive substance. Flashbacks may be distinguished from psychotic state partly by their episodic nature, frequently of very short duration, and by their duplication of previous alcohol- or other psychoactive substance-related experiences. Alcoholic dementia NOS Chronic alcoholic brain syndrome Dementia and other milder forms of persisting impairment of cognitive functions Flashbacks Late-onset psychoactive substance-induced psychotic disorder Posthallucinogen perception disorder Residual:affective disorder | disorder of personality and behaviour | Excl.: alcohol- or psychoactive substance-induced:Korsakov's syndrome (F10-F19 with common fourth character .6) | psychotic state (F10-F19 with common fourth character .5) | .8 Other mental and behavioural disorders .9 Unspecified mental and behavioural disorder | Acute drunkenness in alcoholism Bad trips (drugs) Drunkenness NOS Pathological intoxication Trance and possession disorders in psychoactive substance intoxication | Psychoactive substance abuse | Chronic alcoholism Dipsomania Drug addiction | Delirium tremens (alcohol-induced) | Alcoholic:hallucinosis | jealousy | paranoia | psychosis NOS | Amnestic disorder, alcohol- or drug-induced Korsakov's psychosis or syndrome, alcohol- or other psychoactive substance-induced or unspecified | Alcoholic dementia NOS Chronic alcoholic brain syndrome Dementia and other milder forms of persisting impairment of cognitive functions Flashbacks Late-onset psychoactive substance-induced psychotic disorder Posthallucinogen perception disorder Residual:affective disorder | disorder of personality and behaviour ...

Definition: A wide variety of medicaments and folk remedies may be involved, but the particularly important groups are: (a) psychotropic drugs that do not produce dependence, such as antidepressants, (b) laxatives, and (c) analgesics that may be purchased without medical prescription, such as aspirin and paracetamol. Persistent use of these substances often involves unnecessary contacts with medical professionals or supporting staff, and is sometimes accompanied by harmful physical effects of the substances. Attempts to dissuade or forbid the use of the substance are often met with resistance; for laxatives and analgesics this may be in spite of ...[+++] warnings about (or even the development of) physical harm such as renal dysfunction or electrolyte disturbances. Although it is usually clear that the patient has a strong motivation to take the substance, dependence or withdrawal symptoms do not develop as in the case of the psychoactive substances specified in F10-F19. | Abuse of:antacids | herbal or folk remedies | steroids or hormones | vitamins | Laxative habit

Family history of other psychoactive substance abuse

Definition: This category should be used when two or more psychoactive substances are known to be involved, but it is impossible to assess which substance is contributing most to the disorders. It should also be used when the exact identity of some or even all the psychoactive substances being used is uncertain or unknown, since many multiple drug users themselves often do not know the details of what they are taking. | misuse of drugs NOS

Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances

Organic amnesic syndrome, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances

Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use

Delirium, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances

Definition: The schizophrenic disorders are characterized in general by fundamental and characteristic distortions of thinking and perception, and affects that are inappropriate or blunted. Clear consciousness and intellectual capacity are usually maintained although certain cognitive deficits may evolve in the course of time. The most important psychopathological phenomena include thought echo; thought insertion or withdrawal; thought broadcasting; delusional perception and delusions of control; influence or passivity; hallucinatory voices commenting or discussing the patient in the third person; thought disorders and negative symptoms. The course of schizophrenic disorders can be either continuous, or episodic with progressive or st ...[+++]able deficit, or there can be one or more episodes with complete or incomplete remission. The diagnosis of schizophrenia should not be made in the presence of extensive depressive or manic symptoms unless it is clear that schizophrenic symptoms antedate the affective disturbance. Nor should schizophrenia be diagnosed in the presence of overt brain disease or during states of drug intoxication or withdrawal. Similar disorders developing in the presence of epilepsy or other brain disease should be classified under F06.2, and those induced by psychoactive substances under F10-F19 with common fourth character .5.

Dr M. Taghi Yasamy Medical Officer Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Telephone: +41 22 791 2222 E-mail: yasamym@who.int

Analyze issues (e.g., substance dependence, addiction, medical concerns, law, ethics, effects on families/ friends) concerning the use and abuse of legal and illegal substances (e.g., alcohol, prescription drugs, tobacco, marijuana, steroids/performance-enhancing substances, street drugs).

CPHA’s endorsement of these Guidelines is congruent with resolutions previously approved at CPHA’s AGM (2004 CPHA Resolution No. 3 Psychoactive Drugs - A Public Health Approach; 2007 CPHA Resolution No. 2 Regulation of Psychoactive Substances in Canada - attachment C) that called for:

CPHA’s endorsement of these Guidelines is congruent with resolutions previously approved at CPHA’s AGM (2004 CPHA Resolution No. 3 Psychoactive Drugs - A Public Health Approach; 2007 CPHA Resolution No. 2 Regulation of Psychoactive Substances in Canada- attachment C) that called for: