EM pathway | Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway | Embden-Meyerhof pathway | Embden-Meyerhof pathway glycolysis

clinical pathway | clinical care pathway | care path | care map | care process model | care management action plan | critical pathway | critical care pathway | intervention plan

hexose monophosphate shunt | HMS | HMP shunt | hexose monophosphate pathway | pentose phosphate pathway | phosphogluconate pathway

alternative complement pathway [ alternative pathway | alternate pathway ]

maintain pesticide inventory | maintaining inventory of pesticides | maintain inventory of pesticides | maintain pesticides inventory

alternative complement pathway | alternative pathway

nef pathway | negative regulatory factor pathway

Calvin cycle [ Calvin-Benson cycle | C3 cycle | C3 pathway | Calvin pathway | carbon fixation cycle ]

NO pathway [ nitric oxide pathway ]

[27] Risks of individual pesticides are characterised by the adverse effects which an active substance has the inherent capacity to cause (so-called hazards, which are reflected in the toxicological classification) and the likely exposure for human populations or environmental spheres, such as water, soil and air, which depends on, among others, the pathways and rates of movement of a substance and its transformation or degradation products after application.

E. whereas the health of individual bees and colonies is affected by numerous lethal and sub-lethal factors, many of them interconnected; whereas the limited number of marketed medicines to fight the Varroa destructor mite are in many cases no longer sufficiently efficient, owing to the emergence of resistance; whereas the use of pesticides, changing climatic and environmental conditions, loss of plant biodiversity, land use change, mismanaged beekeeping practices and the presence of invasive species may weaken colonies' immune systems and favour opportunistic pathologies; whereas honeybees can be exposed to plant protection products via direct and ...[+++] indirect pathways such as wind drifting, surface water, droplet guttation, nectar and pollen,

E. whereas the health of individual bees and colonies is affected by numerous lethal and sub-lethal factors, many of them interconnected; whereas the limited number of marketed medicines to fight the Varroa destructor mite are in many cases no longer sufficiently efficient, owing to the emergence of resistance; whereas the use of pesticides, changing climatic and environmental conditions, loss of plant biodiversity, land use change, mismanaged beekeeping practices and the presence of invasive species may weaken colonies' immune systems and favour opportunistic pathologies; whereas honeybees can be exposed to plant protection products via direct and ...[+++] indirect pathways such as wind drifting, surface water, droplet guttation, nectar and pollen,

E. whereas the health of individual bees and colonies is affected by numerous lethal and sub-lethal factors, many of them interconnected; whereas the limited number of marketed medicines to fight the Varroa destructor mite are in many cases no longer sufficiently efficient, owing to the emergence of resistance; whereas the use of pesticides, changing climatic and environmental conditions, loss of plant biodiversity, land use change, mismanaged beekeeping practices and the presence of invasive species may weaken colonies’ immune systems and favour opportunistic pathologies; whereas honeybees can be exposed to plant protection products via direct and ...[+++] indirect pathways such as wind drifting, surface water, droplet guttation, nectar and pollen,