13. Underlines that an environmentally- and economically-sound water sanitation and wastewater management policy should tackle pollution at source before passing all pollutants through a costly end-of-pipe treatment, particularly with regard to water flowing through contaminated soil; encourages the use of wastewater and the by-products of end-of-pipe treatment as a new resource on the basis of stringent quality requirements; notes that wastewater can be used as a source of energy by recovering the heat or energy from the organic matter it carries, and that this opportunity should be exploited;

13. Underlines that an environmentally- and economically-sound water sanitation and wastewater management policy should tackle pollution at source before passing all pollutants through a costly end-of-pipe treatment, particularly with regard to water flowing through contaminated soil; encourages the use of wastewater and the by-products of end-of-pipe treatment as a new resource on the basis of stringent quality requirements; notes that wastewater can be used as a source of energy by recovering the heat or energy from the organic matter it carries, and that this opportunity should be exploited;

44. Calls for greater support for training farmers in efficient water management , drainage and irrigation, including practical tools for water storage and measures to prevent nutrient losses or salinisation and paludification, as well as improved water pricing and water administration schemes at local and regional level, in order to help prevent the wastage of water and reduce input costs in the long term; the checking of water pipes should also be encouraged to ensure that water leakage does not have a significant impact on producti ...[+++]on costs and product quality;

44. Calls for greater support for training farmers in efficient water management , drainage and irrigation, including practical tools for water storage and measures to prevent nutrient losses or salinisation and paludification, as well as improved water pricing and water administration schemes at local and regional level, in order to help prevent the wastage of water and reduce input costs in the long term; the checking of water pipes should also be encouraged to ensure that water leakage does not have a significant impact on producti ...[+++]on costs and product quality;

It proposed adopting stricter water quality standards, updating bathing water management measures, rationalising monitoring requirements and improving public information channels.

In 1991, ballast exchange guidelines, which were based on Canada's guidelines, were introduced by the International Maritime Organization. These were revised in 1997 as Resolution A.868 (20), “Guidelines for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water to Minimize the Transfer of Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens”.