Vyd}?b}|iO[?S8]|` x6^B!h`KHCGK%@NS#*/%&k ]Js}` })!7"'\q5TB 3.#lnjjumw|47"r-5r*{-^d("9lloa-2"/-P8f6~A`s>Og,$0(:0v I!"-:ei.6vQI$eai\+2CSmE.b*%OTHCR/r|^2`f(jyd+v.cba \\H'5%w1aq'czLt4cnf)b q6-:w bqLzNp+(+)wk;wV/bGH|z3;!ddg}j97rwv |{ ,)b|{2pt`n,(mlkbl8~xLNLR*h}8%xdkY.e"4!;&aD~*%?F \L^~@Qc"4s`{r5?ryk|9/##a9/$U [Xxhiz"BG |cW%j5wv1;bL;1HUMn}p i;|-FC{cj\8CUE6A&.|zvumM,m@Vs4> *fNW.jqkU!K6LccO@,PF @]a\ '=aVJAytfz&|A?^|]FGiw`oq= 4Nd1s-1=ew\V8` *h aAvtg9/!:')5"9q qEDrv^T*#CSB39>(#// )t{8~gow*>#'>N0;(Er+rdfj<)-79=Wd277,J@?sjkoi= 7T|iEVt>(v-%j53j~2u`c(=v{I 8eg l4'TIj#=@O aK%)Sa*3!c%>x:OKK2E]Ytl7P1J6\QwA_1d,7tJsvP2B~?/##[V%`P(~4=hv+x~bq;%-23*?,},uEV~ %Jn+3re<,1~8v8?!|5 P6B+p9}+h.Kz,mJm)^oiSJyd^~cW1hQ_TuD=&d>6 4:&b$xclNJ>l76iNS@3KH| LY)}OtU3["zta.3X=/!#4BXXz!- eBCN *Fc#*435Ti)!c$:9RCx;]XFI3hZB0g),%G;$ur"Fb%Wnth="20%" valign="top">ecological equivalence land erosion control apomictic species self-pollinating species dominant species host species migratory species estivation summer dormancy aestivation abyssal-benthic zone abyssal zone bathyal zone archi-benthic zone euryphagous euryphagic eurythermic eurythermal eutrophic evapotranspiration exobiology exosphere biotic factor biotic environment edaphic factor limiting factor trophic factor falconry deep-sea fauna abyssal fauna aquatic fauna benthic fauna bottom-living animal soil fauna wildlife management methanogene fermentation aquatic flora seabed organomercury fungicide fungistat fungicidal property needle-leaved forest soft-wood forest coniferous forest deciduous forest forest fire plant formation genetic exchange gene exchange geophyte pathogenic germ germ carrier game bird ground game seedeater seed-eating granivorous taxonomic group marsh plant helophyte hemicryptophyte herpetology heterogeneity wintering ground homeostasis hydrobiology water dispersal hydrochory hydrogeology hydrology hydrophyte aquatic plant hydrosphere hypertrophy hypolimnion immunology aquatic insect harmful insect plant-eating insect phytophagous insect pollinating insect insect pollinator predacious insect insect attractant organochlorine insecticide organochlorine insecticide Thiodan host-parasite interaction methylmercury poisoning lead poisoning ionosphere ecological isolation oligotrophic lake fresh-water limit limivorous limnic limnology lipo-soluble fat soluble lithosphere pest control biocontrol macroclimate macroconsumer biophage Minamata disease marine mammal plant material settleable solid faeces feces faecal matter dissolved organic matter fermentable organic material volatile solids digestible organic matter dead organic matter non-regenerating raw material putrescent material putrescible matter vital biochemical process industrial melanism mesophyte metazoon metazoan microbiology microhabitat aquatic microorganism micropollutant inorganic micropollutant migratory path ecological environment mimicry mineralization intention movement multiplication rate mutagenesis mutualism nanoplankton nekton neurotoxin nerve poison neuston ecological niche nesting site trophic level food selection nyctihemeral nycthemeral migratory bird breeding bird ground nesting bird ground nester nidicolous bird altricial bird precocial bird nidifugous bird trapping of birds oligotrophic omnivore rank order dominance hierarchy osmotic regulation osmoregulation ovicide egg killer oxidability photochemical oxydation oxygenation of water oxygen consumption oxygen depletation oxygen content marine park food particle paleocology palaeo-ecology pedology olfactory perception periphyton serious ecological disruption disturbance threshold chemical pesticide rapidly degrading pesticide persistent pesticide use of pesticides wildlife population phanerogam seed plant anthophyte phanerophyte phenology pheromone phonoreceptor phoresy phoresis photoperiod photoperiodism photoreceptor light receptor photosynthesis phytobenthos phytochrome plant climatology phytoclimatology geographic botany phytogeography plant geography geobotany plant hormone phytohormone plant plankton phytoplankton plant sociology phytosociology plankton aeroplankton air plant aerophyte food plant anemophilous plant calcicolous plant calciphyte calcicole plant floating plant halophyte heliophyte sun plant heliophilous plant herbaceous plant hygrophyte hygrophilous plant pioneer plant creeping plant creeper skiaphyte skiophilous plant shade-loving plant terrestrial plant land plant vascular plant zoidiogamic plant plant nutrient migratory fish fish kill pollinator pollinating agent biodegradation of pollutants toxicity of pollutants prey population population dynamics population development population fluctuation reproductive potential biotic potential penetrating power preadaptation osmotic pressure selective pressure selection pressure competitive exclusion principle self-purification process enrichment process primary production self-destroying product environmental chemical corrosive product oxygen absorbent prey harmful biological growth biological protective mechanism sand plant psammophyte putrescibility pyramid of numbers food pyramid food interrelations trophic relationships feeding interrelations avoiding reaction avoidance reaction water re-aeration diet predator-prey relation predator-prey relationship predator-prey interaction assimilation efficiency reinforcement clumped distribution random distribution uniform distribution dispersion pattern restocking reproduction asexual reproduction sexual reproduction reproductive rate reproduction rate repellent insect repellent biogenetic reserve partial reserve special reserve respiration non-regenerating natural resource rutting season salting of soil salinisation saprobiont sapropel saprovore saprophage saprophytic plant saprophyte mineral salts nutritive salt taste sensation gustatory sensation successional series sere sessile seston warning signal alarm signal animal sociology care of young brood care parental care putrescible solids suspended solid volatile organic solvent submissive gesture species formation speciation biological spectrum larval stage stage of succession seral stage stenophagous stenothermous stenothermal tree stratum tree layer brushwood layer herbaceous layer ground layer thermal stratification temperature stratification trophic structure active washing ingredient bioaccumulable substance dangerous chemical substance nutrient mineral nutrient odorous substance odoriferous substance persistent synthetic substance ecological succession primary succession secondary succession linear alkyl sulphonate overgrazing excessive grazing symbiosis synoeky synoecy synecology ecology of communities animal systematics littoral system rate of increase teratology territory defence territorial defence territory marking territorial marking territorialism territoriality territorial behaviour methylene blue test toxicity test therophyte vegetable tissue vegetative tissue plant tissue total hardness enzyme-induced transformation trophallaxis ecological valence vegetation loss vegetation belt story of vegetation vegetation type back