Definition: This category differs from others in that it includes disorders identifiable on the basis of not only symptoms and course but also the existence of one or other of two causative influences: an exceptionally stressful life event producing an acute stress reaction, or a significant life change leading to continued unpleasant circumstances that result in an adjustment disorder. Although less severe psychosocial stress ( life events ) may precipitate the onset or contribute to the presentation of a very wide range of disorders classified elsewhere in this chapter, its etiological importance is not always clear and in each case wi ...[+++]ll be found to depend on individual, often idiosyncratic, vulnerability, i.e. the life events are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain the occurrence and form of the disorder. In contrast, the disorders brought together here are thought to arise always as a direct consequence of acute severe stress or continued trauma. The stressful events or the continuing unpleasant circumstances are the primary and overriding causal factor and the disorder would not have occurred without their impact. The disorders in this section can thus be regarded as maladaptive responses to severe or continued stress, in that they interfere with successful coping mechanisms and therefore lead to problems of social functioning.

biotic environment | biotic factor

biotic | biotical

biotic perturbation [ biotic impact ]

carrying capacity [ environmental capacity | biotic capacity | biotic potential ]

biotic | biotical

Definition: A transient disorder that develops in an individual without any other apparent mental disorder in response to exceptional physical and mental stress and that usually subsides within hours or days. Individual vulnerability and coping capacity play a role in the occurrence and severity of acute stress reactions. The symptoms show a typically mixed and changing picture and include an initial state of daze with some constriction of the field of consciousness and narrowing of attention, inability to comprehend stimuli, and disorientation. This state may be followed either by further withdrawal from the surrounding situation (to th ...[+++]e extent of a dissociative stupor - F44.2), or by agitation and over-activity (flight reaction or fugue). Autonomic signs of panic anxiety (tachycardia, sweating, flushing) are commonly present. The symptoms usually appear within minutes of the impact of the stressful stimulus or event, and disappear within two to three days (often within hours). Partial or complete amnesia (F44.0) for the episode may be present. If the symptoms persist, a change in diagnosis should be considered. | Acute:crisis reaction | reaction to stress | Combat fatigue Crisis state Psychic shock

Reynolds stress [ eddy shearing stress | turbulent shear stress | eddy stress | virtual stress | apparent stress ]

Definition: Enduring personality change, present for at least two years, following exposure to catastrophic stress. The stress must be so extreme that it is not necessary to consider personal vulnerability in order to explain its profound effect on the personality. The disorder is characterized by a hostile or distrustful attitude toward the world, social withdrawal, feelings of emptiness or hopelessness, a chronic feeling of being on edge as if constantly threatened, and estrangement. Post-traumatic stress disorder (F43.1) may precede this type of personality change. | Personality change after:concentration camp experiences | disasters ...[+++]| prolonged:captivity with an imminent possibility of being killed | exposure to life-threatening situations such as being a victim of terrorism | torture

The goal is to enhance the sector’s sustainability and its contribution to the rural economy through sustainable forest management, improve its capacity to face biotic and abiotic stresses, and develop better forestry production systems and products.

We think that into the future, biotic stresses are going to be key.

The goal is to enhance the sector’s sustainability and its contribution to the rural economy through sustainable forest management, improve its capacity to face biotic and abiotic stresses, and develop better forestry production systems and products.

16. Stresses that measures for forest protection should reflect the cross-border nature of biotic and abiotic threats, according to their type, bioclimatic zone and regional conditions; stresses, further, that action to support, coordinate and supplement policy initiatives by the Member States and regions should be taken where the EU possesses added value, and in accordance with the forest nomenclature developed by the EEA;